Location: Austin, Texas
So today, I received a C&D from my ex-boyfriend. It looks like a form one for harassment. The only contact I've had with him since our break-up in 2020 is sending him a text last year to apologize for my own behavior toward him, to say that I'm in therapy and working on myself now, and while I didn't want any sort of relationship or friendship with him, I wished him well (I initiated the break-up, BTW). He never responded to it.
So I'm confused, why wait until now? Is this to set up some sort of pretext for further harassment of me? What can I do to protect myself against further revenge?

Ok it's Reddit, I get it. But every day I see more and more posts about how the world is doomed. "The economy is collapsing!" "Christo-fascism is on the rise!" Not to say these things *aren't* happening. But it certainly isn't the first time this has happened. Yes, our circumstances are unique, and I'm no historian so I can't speak to the Depression or the Holocaust at great lengths.
I know people are burnt out by the capitalist system. I know churches are getting even more emboldened to attack the LGBT community, ramp up their racism and push their agendas into the law of the land, to make women and AFAB people mere objects. But that doesn't mean we give up.
I feel like people talk and talk, and I know we're all just struggling to survive but I really feel like this is the time we need to start finding communities *outside* of the internet. I love exchristian! It helps me a lot and I would love to form something in my area with anyone I could. I actually started looking into some grassroots organizations before making this post. It is just difficult for me to participate since I am disabled and live with my parents still.
But there is a wonderful documentary called Crip Camp on Netflix, it shows how the disabled community came together to help push for ACT 504 and the ADA, and even talked about how the Black Panthers helped us! Then again police have upped the anti since then but the protests were not sunshine and rainbows.
Trust me, I understand why people don't riot. 2020 showed us the lengths the government will go to. But this is honestly nothing new to the rest of the world. Iran is STILL fighting for its freedom from religious overthrow. Countless countries have suffered war *because of the U.S*. Things will only get worse the longer we continue to lie down like dogs. There is good news, Florida's ban on gender-affirming care was ruled unconstitutional as well as the 'drag ban' in Tennessee, Mom's for Liberty is now considered a terrorist organization!
I understand fear, but fear and anger should be powerful motivators for us all to do something. I'm in an ok state, although it isn't said to change in the next two years a lot could happen. I do not intend to let Christian fascists ruin my life. I definitely think we need to wake up and start listening to the Black and Indigenous communities on how to protest and resist.
Hell, I spoke to my professor about my concerns and how I could contribute to the fight since I'm disabled. I can't throw bricks and wheel myself at the same time, and he said "Oh you definitely could"
(Mods that last statement is not a threat of any legitimate crime I was making a reference to stone wall in this conversation please don't ban me).

I'm a recent graduate and am trying to get a lab job either with the DPS or DHS, which all require varying levels of clearance. I've realized my name is kind of on a lot of police reports in one way or another, and I'm not sure what if any will come up/ prevent me from clearance. Also please forgive me because I'm still understanding/learning the whole process, and I have no idea what specific forms the positions will use.
Things I'm potentially concerned about:
I have a pending DWI conviction from 2016, that has been in the appeals court since 2018 that will likely (hopefully) be dismissed at this point since its been in limbo so long and I have had a clean record since then. Obviously this will come up on some extent, but I'm curious on if/how it could effect clearance sine it's still in limbo but a previous arrest and what not. It was a class A misdemeanor.
In 2015 I was accidentally involved with a kind of serious crime, other people were arrested but I was not and wasn't charged with anything, I think it became clear that I had no idea what was happening during the incident and was unintentionally a part of it. But my name is definitely on those police reports somewhere, because the police showed up at my house a few times after to ask me about it and a PI called me a few years later to ask me some things about it. Will that come up and could it effect clearance?
I also was the victim of domestic violence where there were 3 different instances where police were involved, one (2018) was when a coworker sent the police for a welfare check because she was worried about me after a fight with my ex, the second (2019) was me calling 911 when my ex was trying to attempt suicide and it involved me somehow getting firearms away from him before police arrived, and lastly in 2020 he was arrested for a few felonies for assault against me and its in the police reports that I bit off his chin (in self defense to get him to stop choking me) and that I flushed his car keys down the toilet when he wasn't looking to keep him from evading arrest when he left the apartment (also clear self defense), I wasn't charged with anything any of these times, this is more of a general question on if any of this could impact clearance, either because of the whole flushing his car keys down the toilet impacting my character or something, or just that there was involvement 3 times/the entire general situation showing like a pattern or anything (even though I was the victim). I also am diagnosed with dissociative PTSD directly from the most recent incident, could this impact clearance?

Hey guys! I just wanted to put up my own experience moving through this year’s Canadian Resident Matching Service or CaRMS cycle so that others have a bit more clarity into what to prepare/focus on for future cycles. Here’s a bit of my background in a nutshell below to give some context:
I am currently a 27M Vietnamese-Canadian studying abroad (CSA originally born in Winnipeg, MB but spent the majority of my life in Ottawa, ON) awaiting to start family medicine residency on July 1 in Brandon, Manitoba but started this journey back in 2015.
I originally did 1.5 years of my undergraduate degree in Biochemistry at the University of Ottawa before seriously deciding on medicine as my career path. During my 1st university year, I applied to different medical schools in the UK (I think only Cardiff + Bristol considered me briefly but still turned down in the end) but got rejected from them. I was only invited + accepted to the MBChB programme at the University of Buckingham Medical School which lasted for about 4.5 years starting from January 2015. I had also done 2 electives in Ottawa (one under neurosurgery and the other in orthopaedics) during my final year of medical school prior to graduation in June 2019.
From there, I entered into the Foundation Programme in August 2019 (equivalent of medical internship in the US/Canada), which I did under the West Midlands South Foundation School, with pretty much all my time being in Worcestershire county. I did my FY1 rotations at the Alexandra Hospital, Redditch and my FY2 rotations at the Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester. During this time, I had attempted the MCCQE1 exam twice (failed at 202 in January 2020, passed at 236 in October 2020) and attempted the NAC exam once (failed at 390 in March 2020). Ultimately, I withdrew early before my last FY2 rotation in April 2021 to focus on my 2nd NAC exam attempt, gain some clinical experience/connections on Canadian ground, and sort out other personal issues. I attempted the NAC exam again in October 2021 but failed at 1364. After taking a mixture of time off to mentally recover with family support and studying for the USMLE step I via UWorld as a distraction from November 2021 to April 2022, I took up a few different private NAC courses in the following chronological order from then onward to figure out where I was lacking at up until my third NAC attempt (passed with superior performance at 1452 on September 17, 2022):

1. BeMo’s OSCE Preparation Platinum (all done virtually over Zoom; first session on April 11, 2022 and last session on August 28, 2022 for a total of 13 sessions).
2. TutorIMG NAC OSCE Live Online Course (all done virtually over Zoom; first session on July 21, 2022 and last session on August 30, 2022 for a total of 11 sessions over).
3. Medical Training Express Live Online OSCE Course (all done virtually over Zoom on July 28, 2022 and last session on September 10, 2022 for a total of 12 sessions).
4. Mark’s MedSckool Reviews (technically took last year in person from August 30 - September 3, 2021 and again virtually over Zoom from August 22 – 26, 2022).

After I received notification of my NAC exam result on November 3, 2022, things were pretty hectic as I was busy entering into this year’s CaRMS cycle preparing different things:

1. CaRMS documents (e.g. personal CV, personal letters, letters of reference/LOR’s, MSPE/MSPR, post-graduate internship regarding Foundation training, university & high school transcripts).

In total, I applied to about 105 different programs and 76 unique, personal letters to go along with them.

1. Additional exams (FMProC and CASPer) – wrote my FMProC exam on December 12, 2022 and CASPer exam on December 15, 2022 after registering for them separately.

I primarily used a combination of the PasTest SJT question bank (went with 6 month subscription for £4) and free, online practice SJT’s provided for Foundation Programme Applicants as per the UKFPO website while I signed up for BeMo’s CASPerSIM Gold (3x mock CASPer sessions with feedback from different assessors).

1. USMLE Step I (wrote on November 29, 2022 but had been revising for it again since my 3rd NAC wrapped up; was originally a backup plan in case I had failed the NAC for a 3rd time as you’re only allowed a maximum of 3 attempts).
   
2. F2 Standalone application – the application window was opening on January 16 this year and was preparing evidence of my previous Foundation training + securing my Reapplication to Foundation Training form from my previous Foundation School director.
   
3. Volunteer shadowing at local family medicine practice (managed to shadow a GP in Ottawa for both Canadian experience and fortunately an LOR in the end).
   
4. Mock interview scenarios – did not have any previous formal/professional interview experience so I practiced with a combination of family members, my previous NAC study partner, and BeMo’s Residency Interview Gold Program (3x mock interview sessions with feedback from different assessors).
   

I recall having my joint FM ON interview first on February 3 followed by my FM MB interview second on February 13 (both were around midday/noon).

1. USMLE Step II CK (after passing the USMLE step I around early December, I was intermittently studying for the USMLE Step II CK until Match Day on March 22, 2023).

I have already been in contact with a mix of people from both inside and outside Reddit regarding NAC practice and general info/advice around the CaRMS process. A good starting point about common, high-yield complaints to prepare for can be found on the MCC website under the “Medical Expert” tab. Outside of private NAC courses, I primarily used a mix of Dr. Basil’s notes (for focusing my history-taking approach), Geeky Medics/Macleod’s Clinical Examination (for structuring my physical examinations; focusing it down for NAC’s time limits came through practice), and the USMLE First Aid Step II CS mini-cases (for inspiration of mock NAC scenarios to do). I personally never used much of other mentioned NAC resources so can’t really say too much as to how useful they are:

1. Edmonton Manual, “Master the NAC” by Dr. Bryce Lowry
2. “NAC OSCE – A Comprehensive Review” by Canadaprep
3. “OSCE and Clinical Skills Handbook” by Dr. Katrina F. Hurley
4. “Canadian IMG’s Guide to OSCE and Practice” by Dr. Hanan Ahmed

The most important thing other than the following tips below would be to find ~1-2 regular, dedicated NAC partners you can study with and exchange honest feedback to each other with (nicely organized NAC partner spreadsheet (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10Kk6YJtFKKn9IY3g96cC-rIWBQGyxtMUB9YQkAfND1g/edit#gid=0) with NAC partners made originally by u/MarinatedinPeace). Other specifics (ex. what can I bring?) around the NAC exam can be found on the MCC website but I generally recommend that ~3-4 months of time practicing 1-2x/week then ramping up to every other day (ideally everyday but I understand everyone has different backgrounds and recency of studying/practice) in the last 1-2 months seems to be a good time frame.
During my time giving advice about both, these were the most important points in terms of approaching preparation for the NAC exam that I've encountered:
​

1. Make sure you exhaust the presenting complaint(s) as that will ensure your following questions into the systems review (mostly for ruling in/out the 3-5 differentials on your list) + associated risk factors (i.e. PMedHx, PSurgHx, medications, allergies, smoking, alcohol, drugs, social living/financial conditions, occupational history, travel/immigration history) will be focused on what's relevant as not every section of a mnemonic needs to be asked (ex. SOCRATES, OCD PQRST AAA, COCA OCDCS, PM BINDE, MGOS, DIGFAST/MSIGECAPS).
   
2. If a patient is acting in pain, acknowledge it and try to address it on the spot if you can by offering pain relief with a follow-up question about allergies to ensure it's safe to give.
   
3. Counselling can be difficult as it's not a format many people are used to but you still need to take a focused history regardless so that your management options are personalized/tailored to the person in front of you (ex. do not discuss smoking cessation/NRT as a long term management option for someone you're counselling about asthma for if they told you clearly they are a non-smoker; do discuss changing to hypoallergenic soaps/shampoos if they have an asthma exacerbation triggered by a new shampoo they tried out 3 days ago).
   
4. Be wary that you're expected to rule in/out differentials (you should have ~3-5 by the time you enter after knocking) that you have considered outside the door within the time given (ex. don't stop asking other questions about PE, pneumothorax, GERD, or costochondritis even if the case sounds dead on for acute congestive cardiac failure).
   
5. Do not try to track the time on the timer in the room because it can be anywhere (the side, top of a wall, behind the SP/examiner) and your focus should be on the SP/examiner anyways.
   
6. Make good use of transitioning statements when moving between different sections of your consultation whether it's the history or physical exam (ex. after exhausting the presenting complaint, you could say "There is a list of other symptoms we look for in patients experiencing [insert their presenting complaint/issue if applicable] and I just want you to give me a yes or no answer, OK?" to transition to the systems review).
   
7. PLEASE show empathy and kindness when the SP is acting/says something unusual ex. SP appears visibly down in mood, poor eye contact, and slow in speech so acknowledge it, "Mr. Anderson, I see that you appear quite down in yourself. I want to assure you that everything we discuss between us will remain confidential unless required by law." This also applies to situations where the patient's most pressing issue is different from what's on the door (ex. door vignette suggestive of abdominal pain hinting appendicitis but the patient abruptly drops that they're pregnant).
   
8. Make good use of the time (about 1.5 minutes) outside the door to write your ~3-5 differentials along with any relevant investigations, management/counselling, and follow-up.
   
9. Don't forget to ask about vital signs and any pending lab work/investigations if a station has a physical exam component (ex. highly relevant to ask if vital signs are available and if a FAST USS + routine bloods have been done in a patient you suspect with a dissecting AAA just before you're about to start your physical exam).
   
10. The SP cannot lie to you however they can be vague or provide a different answer other than a clear, "No." ex. You ask the SP, "Have you ever smoked any tobacco or cigarettes in the past? and the SP responds, "Well, not recently that I know of, doctor." This is your cue to probe further about what they mean by "not recently".
    
11. Some NAC stations can be mean by giving you normal investigations in what seems like a highly suggestive history/physical in an attempt to mislead you ex. You complete your history/physical exam and your working diagnosis in a 3 year old child with 4-day history of fever, SOB, and purulent sputum production is bacterial pneumonia but you're handed a normal CXR (treat based on the clinical evidence gathered/known not on your gut feeling).
    

Same is true vice-versa where a patient presentation seems benign but then the examiner hands you an alarming investigation ex. 35F in ED has symptoms consistent with likely viral URTI but the examiner hands you an EKG that shows saddle shaped ST elevation in line with acute pericarditis.

1. Avoid repeating or leading questions as it wastes time, unless it’s to clarify something a patient says that you may not understand, and looks unprofessional (remember the CANMEDS framework expected for CMG's in your clinical approach; these are some ways I practiced phrasing my intro, "How would you like to be addressed today?" or "How would you like me to address you?" or "What name do you usually go by?").
   
2. You can place the exam sticky labels you get on the back of your hand prior to entering a station so you don't fumble/experience difficulty handing it to the examiner (?unless the MCC decides you can just verbalize your candidate code for the NAC this year).
   
3. Introduce yourself as a doctor not a medical student (you're assuming the role of a family/ED physician or PGY-1 resident on exam day depending on the scenario).
   
4. Don't assume a patient's mode of address/pronouns used. Ask them first how they would like to be addressed today.
   
5. Make sure to clearly wash your hands AT THE START of BOTH your history-taking AND physical examination.
   
6. Even if you feel like you messed up the previous station, try as hard as you can to push it out of your mind until the NAC is over. You can cry, vent, or get frustrated AFTERWARD but not in the stations themselves.
   

​
These next points are more towards preparing for upcoming CaRMS cycles from what I've gathered reading/listening around:
​

1. High MCCQE1 & NAC scores (most people who were invited for interviews, if not matched, to ON FM from the CaRMS 2024 Discord server and the CaRMS stats spreadsheet set up by Carms#5615 (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HAtnmyfCIAxKIux2akj8-hgWGvPgOVejVlfEHXuUa-8) had QE1 scores > 250-260 and NAC scores well above 1420-1430.
   
2. Research into how CaRMS works to really have a careful look at the general overview, current year timelines, program descriptions, past trending data (may need to scroll down page further) in previous cycles. This will give you a good idea into what to have ready in time for the CaRMS file submission opening.
   

For reference, the rates of matching in R-1 as a current-year IMG was about 72.3% and 30.1% as a previous-year IMG according to the table on slide 11 of the CaRMS 2023 forum presentation. This goes down further in R-2 as a current-year IMG to about 39.0% and 12.5% as a previous-year IMG (about 751 went unmatched after R-1 and 822 went unmatched after R-2 for previous-year IMG’s).

1. Recent practice or graduation (my last time practicing clinically was in April 2021 as an FY2 doc at the time which was only 2 years back at the time of my application (my year of graduation/YOG was 2019 but I know that time since YOG or gaps in studying/training are scrutinized especially if they're big like >5 years so it'd be worthwhile having an explanation ready if this applies to you).
   
2. At least one Canadian LOreferee (seems a lot of university programs prefer applicants who have had clinical exposure in the form of shadowing/electives/observership with a Canadian doctor related to their field that you're applying to; mine happened to be a GP in Ottawa I connected to via family friends).
   
3. Personal research around First Nation/Indigenous Peoples of Canada (this one is very specific particularly to Manitoba as they had several questions around ethnic minorities + Indigenous peoples; ex. smudging as a common Indigenous practice that even I only became aware of via the IMG/IEHP resources provided by Ontario Health Force or [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])).
   
4. Canadian research and electives - at the time of application, I was involved in a systematic review around women's health issues (had not been published at time of application) and I had done two electives under neurosurgery + orthopedics (heard that observerships don't count as formal clinical experience relative to electives so this was important too).
   
5. High CASPer + FMProC scores (had 4th quartile score for CASPer and 516/4th quartile for FMProC which I know a lot of FM and some psych/pediatric programs look at).
   
6. Try to secure as many Canadian LOR's/referees as they're favoured over international ones (ideally 3 but even 1 seems to be good), shadowing Canadian doctors depending on where you're applying to (ex. FM has the biggest seat pool so reach out to Canadian GP's around you to see who's willing to take you on).
   
7. If you have the time and money for it, try to apply to as many programs and attend their relevant socials/events (can be found on CANPREPP closer to the opening of CaRMS) that you think you may have a chance at as you'll never know who might invite you later on for interviews!
   
8. Really rank by your TRUE preference as CaRMS will prioritize your rank order first BEFORE considering how other programs ranked you (Rural Brandon was my 13th choice out of 22 programs I ranked across FM ON + FM MB). Even if you ranked a program at the bottom of your ROL, as long as that particular program has ranked you and they still have an available spot, you will match to them in the end!
   

There's a YouTube video regarding the CaRMS Match algorithm which clears things up nicely.

1. Make sure to check your main email’s spam/junk inbox during the period where interview invitations/rejections are sent out as they can end up here sometimes (my joint FM ON interview invitation ended up in my spam and it is time sensitive to take it up).

In terms of the QE1, I think a lot of other people on Reddit have covered that much better than I have in terms of approaching it as I agree that a combination of UWorld Step II CK question bank (personally found Canada QBank questions and explanations to be lacking relative to UWorld in retrospect even if the price was much friendlier) and the Toronto Notes are the way to go. I also used Sketchy videos as a nice support for pharmacology/microbiology related topics.
Overall, I was glad to have had the opportunity to try for FM ON in the first iteration even if it didn't work out as I understand they only invite the top 300 applicants for interviews and even fewer of those 300 match (only ~80-90 from I heard but could be wrong so feel free to correct me). I understood the possibility my poor QE1 score and 2-year gap from formal clinical training may filter me despite my other scores being good.
I’m sure there are other things in this that I didn’t quite cover or explore (ex. the F2 Standalone process, IELTS/OETS, BC CAP/AIMG requirements, gaining permanent residency/PR, clinical/physician/medical assistant positions, CV/PL structure, thoughts around the different private programs/courses I took etc.) but I’m more than happy to discussing finemiscellaneous points via Reddit, Discord (herrdok#6944), email ([[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])), text, or virtual/phone call. For the time being though, I’m not taking on any new, regular NAC practice partners but would consider it once I figure out things more.
Otherwise, thanks to anyone reading this wall of text (if anything is incorrect/inconsistent, do let me know and I can have a look), looking forward to giving advice where I can, and best of luck to everyone moving through what is an extremely vague, challenging, and unforgiving process for matching into Canadian residency!😊

Many of you have probably heard of this experiment, but the short introduction is that starting in 1958, a researcher named John B. Calhoun began performing experiments on populations of rats to see what would happen if all of their resources were unlimited and they were kept safe from predators, diseases, weather, etc. Of these initial rat experiments Calhoun wrote:
"By the end of 27 months the population had become stabilized at 150 adults. Yet adult mortality was so low that 5,000 adults might have been expected from the observed reproductive rate. The reason this larger population did not materialize was that infant mortality was extremely high. Even with only 150 adults in the enclosure, stress from social interaction led to such disruption of maternal behavior that few young survived." [...]
"The consequences of the behavioral pathology we observed were most apparent among the females. Many were unable to carry pregnancy to full term or to survive delivery of their litters if they did. An even greater number, after successfully giving birth, fell short in their maternal functions. Among the males the behavior disturbances ranged from sexual deviation to cannibalism and from frenetic overactivity to a pathological withdrawal from which individuals would emerge to eat, drink and move about only when other members of the community were asleep. The social organization of the animals showed equal disruption." [...]
"The common source of these disturbances became most dramatically apparent in the populations of our first series of three experiments, in which we observed the development of what we called a behavioral sink. The animals would crowd together in greatest number in one of the four interconnecting pens in which the colony was maintained. As many as 60 of the 80 rats in each experimental population would assemble in one pen during periods of feeding. Individual rats would rarely eat except in the company of other rats. As a result extreme population densities developed in the pen adopted for eating, leaving the others with sparse populations." [...]
"But the same pathological "togetherness" tended to disrupt the ordered sequences of activity involved in other vital modes of behavior such as the courting of sex partners, the building of nests and the nursing and care of the young. In the experiments in which the behavioral sink developed, infant mortality ran as high as 96 percent among the most disoriented groups in the population. Even in the absence of the behavioral sink, in the second series of three experiments, infant mortality reached 80 percent among the corresponding members of the experimental populations."
This phrase, "behavioral sink" is commonly associated with Calhoun's experiments. His most well known experiment was in 1968 on mice, which was designed to hold nearly 4,000 mice but the population maxed out at 2,200. Most of the rapid growth was in the first 315 days, but between 315 and 600 days, population growth slowed and violence became more prevalent. Social structure began to break down. Females stopped caring for the young, males didn't need to defend their resources because of the lack of scarcity but did form into groups that attacked each other, cannibalism, and Calhoun specifically mentions an increase in homosexuality. Calhoun describes many of the mice spending their time grooming themselves and doing other solitary behaviors, which he called "the beautiful ones". Eventually breeding activity stopped and the population declined to the point of total extinction.
Calhoun's original intention was to study the effects of overpopulation, and of course most of the people who cite his experiments do so in terms of overpopulation, however overpopulation is not exactly what happened in Calhoun's experiments. The rat and mice populations died out not because of lack of resources or lack of space or because of diseases, etc. What killed them off was their own behavior. They simply stopped reproducing and destroyed themselves. Overpopulation may have been the intended control variable of the experiment, but what the experiment appears to have actually been testing is what happens when resources are infinite.
Calhoun clearly expected us to apply these lessons to humans, saying "I shall largely speak of mice, but my thoughts are on man." And I find this information relevant to both sides of the Capitalism vs. Communism debate because in a communist system, resources are arbitrarily infinite, while in a capitalist system resources are produced efficiently so as to become seemingly infinite.
In Bolshevik Russia, the 1918 Code on Marriage, the Family and Guardianship was ratified. This code was intended to implement a Marxist view of the family, where the nuclear family was unnecessary and would be replaced by communal resources. Adoption was abolished, because the state would take care of orphans, divorce was made easy, etc. By 1921 there were seven million orphans roaming the streets and the government didn't have the resources to care for them, and in 1936 a new code was written that shifted back towards a more conservative family arrangement, re-establishing many of the social/sexual standards that had been done away with. Divorce was made harder, limitations were put on abortion, and large families were encouraged. Still Russia saw a massive decline in fertility starting in the early 1900s which never really stopped.
Western countries show similar fertility declines. The USA for example dropped below replacement levels in the early 1970s and has never recovered since. The USA as one of the richest countries in the world is not lacking resources, and one proof of this is that poor people are more likely to be obese than rich people. So our food and water are functionally unlimited, arguably similar to the rat/mice utopias. Notice how our society went through a sexual revolution, and yet we're having fewer kids. I don't want this post to become a debate about the LGBT movement however I still point it out because of the correlation with Calhoun's notes, that LGBT rates are on the rise in newer generations. We idolize celebrities and models (the beautiful ones), we're becoming more socially isolated, technology is advancing and economic comforts are easier to obtain, but rates of stress and depression prescriptions are rising. Perhaps you believe that fewer humans are a good thing for environmental reasons or whatever, but over the next few generations this is still going to be a huge economic problem because older generations are dependent on the production and subsidization from the younger generation, in the form of programs like medicare and social security. They spend their 401Ks buying goods that we are producing now. Fewer of us now means a top-heavy economy.
So what do you think, can we compare the breakdown of American society today to the rats' 1962 Behavioral Sink? I certainly see a lot of similarities. And which system is the rat utopia a better metaphor of, communism or capitalism?
Perhaps the conclusion we should draw from all of this is that some amount of struggle is necessary for mammals to behave properly. We evolved for tens of millions of years in a wild environment not knowing where our next meal might come from, but now we sit in air conditioned houses with pantries stocked with food, and that transition just happened far too fast for our brains to evolve into.
Side note: The organization Calhoun was working for was called the National Institute of Mental Health, or NIMH, which was the inspiration for the "Rats of NIMH" novel, which was eventually made into a Don Bluth movie called "The Secret of NIMH". In the novel and movie the experiments made the rats smarter, but obviously the real experiments had nothing to do with that.

After using an employer-provided Thinkpad for a few years, I bought myself one. I paid for 4 years of Premium Care support, but I don't know how to get in touch with it.
I've reached out to the only customer support I could find (via the form on the website) for two separate issues and in each case, they are TERRIBLE, although both requests were fairly simple:
a. Provide a download link for the Adobe Acrobat Standard 2020, which I bought for electronic download. They've given me a serial code but no download link, and Adobe's website doesn't provide this version AFAIK.
b. Help me register an external hard disk. When I try to do this, th website won't recognise its serial number and the product isn't listed for manual selection.
Meanwhile, I've paid for Premium Care already. I'm a business customer, and I'm in the UK, if it makes a difference. Whenever I browse the website, it tends to redirect me over regular then business then regular etc. It's not good at all.
The Lenovo Vantage software doesn't seem to have a contact tab, and it doesn't have a 'my software' tab either.
Any help at all? Thanks!

COVID-19 temporary flexibilities for Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification, will end on July 31, 2023. U. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) recently announced that employers must complete in-person physical document inspections for employees whose documents were inspected remotely during the temporary flexibilities by August 30, 2023.
This new announcement gives employers additional time to complete in-person physical inspection of identity and employment authorization documents, and annotate the Form I-9 for this population. These flexibilities were initially announced in March 2020 and updated in March 2021. See I-9 Central Questions and Answers for more information.

What are small businesses with entirely remote workforces that they've never met in person, who could live on the complete opposite side of the country from the employer, supposed to in-person verify I-9 documentation?
Thank you!

If depression and suicidal ideation go around in packs, then I guess I’m a good example. I entered my freshman year of college in fall of 2019 hoping for a positive experience. Idk what I was expecting, but I thought that the Ivies would have an engaged and curious student body.
It’s been anything but. Everyone around me is a neurotic and suicidal wreck, and I think it got worse due to COVID. I’m supposed to be graduating this week and starting my “adult” life, but I still have two years left of school because I’m a loser and took multiple leaves of absence because I’m depressed and suicidal.
One of my professors freshman fall killed himself. I started having intense suicidal ideation during Spring of 2020 when my college sent everyone home during COVID, and the suicidal urges and depression haven’t stopped. My sophomore year, during fall of 2020, I signed up to be a “virtual orientation leader” (fake and gay, I know) at my school — not because I was particularly enthusiastic about my college, but because it was a simple and easy job that pays surprisingly well.
I never checked up on any of my freshmen after orientation because they were literally scattered around everywhere — some were on campus, some were back at home. One of the freshmen I had who was living on campus killed himself at the end of his freshman fall. I feel this deep, empty void in me that doesn’t even feel like guilt anymore, not when so many other people I know killed themselves.
A guy from my freshman floor who I really hated and thought was super annoying killed himself last year. An upperclassmen friend and a mentor I had died of cancer a few months ago. One of my closest friends from college, someone who actually *is* graduating this week and is literally a genius (like she’s graduating as one of the valedictorians of an Ivy and got into Stanford Law School as a Knight-Hennessy scholar) calls me every now and then talking about her suicidal ideation. My other close friend also took a leave of absence because she’s suicidal, and I’m really worried about her. Someone in our friend group committed suicide a few months ago and I don’t know, I don’t know what to do or how to feel anymore. I was always suicidal anyways. The girl in my friend group who killed herself was also a socially isolated and slightly autistic only child like me, I can’t imagine how her parents feel.
I transferred to another Ivy at the beginning of my junior year (fall of 2021), and it’s been more suicides, depression, and despair. A hot, rich, and talented girl in this quirky lil DIY music club I was in killed herself, and I was stunned that someone so ethereal wanted to die. I spiraled, and I spiraled hard every single day I was at school.
Why was everyone around me so neurotic and anxious? Is it because it’s an Ivy in a notoriously stressful city? Or is it just the post-COVID malaise of knowing that nothing is stable, nothing is forever, and nothing is enough…
I took a leave of absence from school for a year (basically all of 2022) because I just couldn’t do it. I couldn’t handle being in an environment where everyone was anxious and people I know were killing themselves and I was scared, scared all the time. For all of last year, I worked a few jobs and internships and did a gay ass DBT therapy program to “not be depressed anymore.”
Well it turns out that therapy doesn’t help you stop being depressed or suicidal if there’s nothing really left in your life to live for. Being in therapy and all those stupid DBT therapy groups just highlighted how empty and meaningless my life is. It made me angrier and even more suicidal, and I genuinely think that CBT/DBT is like some sort of psychological gaslighting for some (not all, or even many) patients…
I got back to school in January of 2023. I was just instantly demoralized by being in my environment and frequently fantasized about killing myself. I drifted in and out of the psych ward near my college until I took another leave of absence after two months.
I went back home in March and felt like a failure. One massive failure. How could I fail to hack it at school even after a year-long leave of absence? Something is profoundly wrong with me. Being a full-time college student is super easy; why can’t I handle it? Something is really wrong with me.
I later learned that a guy who lived ten floors above me jumped off our dorm building and killed himself. It was really sad, he seemed like a nice guy whenever I talked to him in the elevator. He was a football player and was planning on going into finance and all that, I really thought those people were the ones who had it together.
I literally cannot relate to other people at ALL. My life has been so far from anything resembling a normal life that I don’t even know how to form human bonds anymore. I’m depressed and suicidal and so is everyone else in my life.
I just want to be in a warm, nurturing place where all my friends aren’t on the verge of killing themselves. Everyone around me is a neurotic, anxious striver on the brink of collapse — they’re (literally) willing to kill themselves for whatever lofty goal they have set up.
Should I try to leave my current school? Or am I one of those miserable fuckers who is probably destined to be a suicidal bitch wherever I end up? Just the idea of going back to my insanely pretentious and cutthroat school is making me ill, but maybe this sub needs to tell me that I’m a weak little bitch and just need to get over it.
I feel empty all the time. I’ve been depressed before college but the past three years have introduced an emptiness and a death drive that I didn’t even think I was capable of having. Has anyone else been in a suicide cluster?

Right now we do nearly 100% of our computation with Vonn Neumann machines. Occasionally we use them to emulate other forms of computation like neural networks.
I'm really interested in unconventional forms of computation. It looks like there's an infinite zoo of computational complexity out there - broad categories like cellular automata, neural networks, register machines, etc with endless variations within.
But the tricky part is doing practical computation. Most of these systems are highly chaotic and impossible to program by hand. Neural networks are widely "programmed" through optimization, and this can be extended somewhat to cellular automata.
Are there any examples of techniques to program other nonstandard computational systems? Bonus points if they're physical hardware instead of emulations.

❗️BMK has limited legitimate uses; in Europe it is mostly used to produce amphetamine, and increasingly, for the production of methamphetamine. BMK may be imported to the EU but it is more often produced locally from pre-precursors.
❗️BMK methods typically involve the catalytic reduction (reductive amination) of an intermediate formed between BMK and methylamine. In Europe, there are two main techniques: (1) reductive amination uses the «aluminium amalgam method»; (2) the «high pressure method» is the same technique used to produce MDMA in Europe, the only difference being the starting material (the precursor), where BMK yields methamphetamine and PMK (piperonal methyl ketone, also known as methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone, «MDP-2-P») yields MDMA.
❗️In 2020, seven EU Member States seized close to 5 600 litres of BMK, most of which (75 😵 was reported by the Netherlands (4 200 litres). These are globally relevant amounts, with only Mexico reporting larger seizures in 2020 (11 000 litres seized), according to the INCB (2020).
❗️Importantly, these values need to be considered in the context of the close to 35 tonnes of various pre-precursor chemicals seized in the EU in 2020, which could be used to produce significant additional amounts of BMK, often in dedicated «conversion». laboratories. These pre-precursors include APAAN, glycidic derivatives of BMK, APAA and MAPA, all of which were successively introduced in the market as soon as legal controls were applied to their predecessors.
❗️In 2020, five Member States reported combined pre-precursor seizures of over 1 tonne. These were Belgium (12 tonnes), Germany (almost 8 tonnes), Hungary (7 tonnes), the Netherlands (less than 7 tonnes) and France (1 tonne). Whenever the origin of the seizures was outside the EU (68 % of the quantity seized), the consignments originated in China (including Hong Kong) and were typically misdeclared as chemical industrial products or other commercial goods.
❗️In Europe, the rapid replacement of pre-precursors has been particularly evident since 2011, when information exchange between international authorities was enhanced, leading to more effective precursor diversion control worldwide (EMCDDA, 2019a). To avoid disruptions to the steady supply of precursors for illicit laboratories, producers quickly changed from the scheduled precursor BMK to APAAN, which then became one of the most seized pre-precursors from 2012 to 2014.
Click 👍if u found it interesting.

I'm a nonbinary person currently trying to change my legal name and my gender marker (to X) on all my documentation. I have a few questions regarding the process and others' experience with the X sex designation.
I'm a little wary to change my sex designation because they say they can't guarantee that the government of Ontario will accept my new birth certificate and ID if I have an X, unless I'm misunderstanding that disclaimer. Has anyone had issues with that? I did recently change my sex on my drivers license to X (no documentation needed), but now I'm worried my passport won't be accepted because my IDs don't match.
I did apply for a name and gender marker change before in early 2020, at the time I was able to change them both at the same time, I assume I can still do that if I submit the applications together? I ask because the applications seem a bit different from what I remember filling out.
When filling out the BCA for the sex designation change, do I apply as a "new birth certificate" or as a "replacement birth certificate"?
Also, with the BCA, do I have to fill out that page about birth details (weight, hospital, physician)? It doesn't appear to say I don't have to do it, but I don't have a long form birth certificate anymore to reference for that information.

Source: https://www.bungie.net/7/en/News/Article/the_first_twid_06_08_2023
This Week in Destiny... yeah, you read that right. As we mentioned a couple of weeks ago, we are fully leaning into this becoming a Destiny-centric space going forward. More on that in a bit! Before we jump into it, let's recap the contents of the previous week:

• Ghosts of the Deep rundown.
• Bungie Rewards got new dungeon-themed merch.
• Did you get your Marathon emblem?
• You got new Prime Gaming loot.

And here's what we have for the first TWID ever:

• A new name for the TWAB.
• Ready for a new Community Fashion Contest?
• Grandmasters will be back on June 13.
• And Supremacy, too.
• You all owe Kalli an apology.
• Preview of some 7.1.0.2 fixes.
• Collaboration art!
• The usual Player Support Report, and our AOTW and MOTW picks. ##Rebranding the TWAB

For as long as anyone can remember, there has been a weekly check-in between Bungie and our community. Back in February of 2016, we rebranded the “Bungie Weekly Update” to “This Week At Bungie.” This was done primarily because, at the time, there was a lot of confusion when a live game put something out with the name “Update” and there weren’t patch notes to read.
Fast forward to today, and it’s time once again to evolve the name of our weekly ritual. Don’t fret, our weekly check in for Destiny news and community highlights will continue! The main change here is that we will be keeping things Destiny-specific, so we need a name that reflects that since Bungie has now publicly announced a new game.
Starting today, the weekly Destiny blog will be named This Week in Destiny. As you may have noticed already, each week’s blog post will be announced on official Destiny social channels rather than on Bungie’s channels, and we’ll continue to drop the occasional standalone blog with in-depth details and insights from the dev team. Now that you know the new name and the reasoning behind it, you can do what you do best, Destiny Community: Meme away! But first, please join us in bidding farewell to the TWAB and welcoming the TWID.

Put On Your Best Dress

Fashion is the ultimate, true endgame. Matching the perfect textures, forms, and colors to express the right idea is not easy, so we want to reward those who succeed in such endeavors.
Given that Season of the Deep is all about how the scariest floors of the sea can also be the most beautiful, how Guardians are good at killing gods, but better at catching exotic fishes, and how even the most dangerous warmonger can break down a bit when recalling simpler times... Well, why not celebrate all that complexity with a good Community Fashion Contest?
We know you can express what Season of the Deep is all about with just five pieces of armor, . Don your drippiest designs and try out the most combinations, and of course, let us know with the #DrownInTheDrip hashtag for a chance to earn our very new and exclusive Prêt-à-porter fashion emblem. You have until June 15, so get to work, fashionistas!.
Image Link^imgur

Ready for Some Early Grandmaster Nightfalls?

As we mentioned in our ”Reflecting on Lightfall” article, Grandmaster Nightfalls will be available a bit earlier than usual during Season of the Deep. The reason for this is simple: without the seasonal Power climb, and with the requirement level changes we added during Season 19, we believe we can successfully launch them earlier. Grandmasters are coming on Week 4, and that means you'll have a chance to earn Exotic materials and Adept weapons starting next Tuesday, June 13.
Note that this is only for the Weekly Grandmasters. The Conqueror gilding node is still planned to open in Week 7. So, get ready to face The Lightblade if you are aiming to get the Adept version of the Wendigo GL3 Heavy Grenade Launcher next week. And in case you are wondering, The Loaded Question Fusion Rifle and the Braytech Osprey Rocket Launcher will be featured in the following two weeks.

Supremacy Enters the Relentless Rotator

For those of you who got a taste of Supremacy during Guardian Games and wanted more, congratulations! Supremacy will be added to the Relentless rotator in the Crucible starting next week.
This Crucible game mode requires you to collect the crests dropped by the enemies you take down to score for your team, while you also deny the enemy their points by picking up crests from fallen allies. Show everyone who’s in charge here and secure each kill. While you earn ranks, you might even get that renewed Randy's Throwing Knife Kinetic Scout Rifle that Shaxx has brought back into the loot pool. Keep an eye on Cascade Point or Box Breathing for this one... Trust me.

You Owe Kalli an Apology

People, we need to talk. Why? What did she ever do to you? What's your problem with murderous, Taken Techeuns? We know The Supremacy got Rewind Rounds, that Techeun Force has a sick PvP roll and that Reconstruction and Bait and Switch make Apex Predator a top-tier option for DPS, but that's no reason to put Kalli into such a situation!
A lot of you stepped into every plate to get double rewards, while others just cursed their aim over how many Golden Gun or Sleeper Simulant shots they missed... Either way, the outcome would be the same: a lot of good loot.
We hope you consider it time well spent. Because I do.

Some Fixes Coming Next Week

The Destiny 2 Update 7.1.0.2 will be deployed on June 13. Although we'll have our usual patch notes available the moment it's available, we wanted to give you a preview of some of the implemented fixes.
First, a reminder that the extra reward awarded by the weekly Last Wish quest, the one handed by Hawthorne, was not intentional, so it's going away. Starting Tuesday, you'll get one Deepsight weapon from it, since that was always the plan. You'll still earn at least another one every week, because the final chest after dumping Riven's heart gives one per week and account. But you still have a few days until the fix is implemented, so if you want that extra reward, go for it.
Now, for a few Exotics' fixes. This update will reenable the Vesper of Radius, since it won't have such explosive behavior with certain weapons anymore. Sunbracers will have their increased duration of Solar grenades restored. And after Saladin had a very long conversation with Kephri's Horn, the strange interactions that this Titan Exotic Helmet allowed have been fixed, so it will also be reenabled.
Finally, to name a few other fixes coming: we also have one for the issue that allowed certain grenades to go through Barricades and Wards of Dawn, we are toning down the new Collective Obligation perk in PvP (10% damage buff instead of a 20%), and we are giving the new Mercurial Overreach Competitive Sniper Rifle a bigger reticle when scoping so it's easier to use.
The rest of the patch notes for the 7.1.0.2 updates will be available on June 13.

Keep That Art Coming

Remember two weeks ago when we announced a small art and cosplay contest to celebrate the collaboration between Destiny 2 and PlayStation? Well, we have some amazing submissions already, like these two below:

"Death can have me... When it earns me"
image if some characters from PlayStation games became characters in Destiny. Who would you love to see?#Destiny2AOTW #Destiny2 #Destiny2Art #DestinyTheGame #GOW pic.twitter.com/frim0WlEEC
— BO (@BO_7aSSan597) May 30, 2023
To go with the Titan Kratos armor I made a matching Atreus Set #Destiny2 #Dresstiny#GodofWar #Destiny2Fashion @Destiny2Team @DestinyTheGame pic.twitter.com/3pwJLFj8Sw
— Amanda TheBeebo (@TheLadyBeebo) May 26, 2023

We love to see your creations, so please keep them coming. You have until the end of June and each winner will earn the Art of the Week emblem and all the bragging rights in the world, of course.

Player Support Report

20,000 Screebs Under the Sea
Image Link^imgur
Known Issues List Help Forums Bungie Help Twitter

TRIALS OF OSIRIS EMBLEM

The Dazzling Iridescence Trials emblem was meant to be rewarded to the best of the best, those who could go Flawless while earning a Flight of the Pigeon medal (lead in score for the entire game) in every win along the way. Ultimately, an issue caused this emblem to be awarded to anyone who made it to the Lighthouse at all which, while still a challenging endeavor, made seeing the emblem a little more common than we had hoped. In this upcoming patch, we will have a fix for this which is two-fold:

• Starting with Week 4’s Trials (June 16) the emblem will no longer drop from the Flawless chest for those who have not achieved the requirements on their way to the Lighthouse.
• Those who already have the emblem (meaning those players who went Flawless in Week 1 or who go Flawless in this upcoming weekend) will be able to retain the emblem in their collections but will not be able to equip the emblem unless they complete the requirements AFTER the patch has gone live.

We understand in some cases this will mean that people who rightfully earned the emblem must re-earn it a second time if they want to equip it, but we felt that this was a necessary step to retain the original intent of the emblem.

ADVANCED FOCUSING

Due to an issue causing Exotic focusing to not grant intended rewards, we have temporarily disabled Advanced Decryption focusing. Precision Decryption focusing will continue to be available as we investigate.

EVERVERSE INTERFACE

Some UI pricing elements in Eververse will be disabled with the release of 7.1.0.2. Note that the displayed price is the correct one.

KNOWN ISSUES

While we continue investigating various known issues, here is a list of the latest issues that were reported to us in our #Help Forum:

• Due to an issue the Kephri’s Horn exotic Titan helmet has been temporarily disabled.
• The Helm of Saint-14 Exotic Titan helmet is not functioning as expected.
• Players can get stuck outside of the final boss arena after self-reviving in the Ghosts of the Deep dungeon.
• Spending Salvage Keys after a Salvage activity is not providing progress toward the "Spend Salvage Keys" Triumph and is instead progressing the "Spend Deep Dive Keys" Triumph.
• The Bump in the Night Weapon Pattern Triumph requires the Season 17 Season Pass.
• The Standard Fare bounty does not gain progress on Kinetic weapon kills.
• The Warlock Courtier Longcoat chest ornament has a gap beneath the right arm.
• The Verity’s Brow perk “The Fourth Magic” is not functioning correctly in PvP.
• The New Pacific Epitaph Grenade Launcher is doing less damage than intended to Stasis crystals.

For a full list of emergent issues in Destiny 2, players can review our Known Issues article. Players who observe other issues should report them to our #Help forum.

You Gotta Work For It, Guardian

Image Link^imgur
Hippy: An artist with synesthesia, a phenomenon that allows a blending of senses like the ability to hear color and feel sounds, took their unique lens of the world and turned it into art for fellow Guardians to enjoy. Titled The Fear of Dreams, here’s a really cool opportunity to see the world in a way that someone else does and how truly beautiful that really is.
Movie of the Week: The Fear of Dreams

🌙ONEIROPHOBIA // THE FEAR OF DREAMS.🌟
(I have synesthesia. I paint music. This time, I used Tilt Brush and an Oculus Rift to sculpt/paint the song to get a closer facsimile of what I perceive.) #Destiny2Art #AOTW #MOTW pic.twitter.com/kaMhoSelHB
— Runesael L. de la Peña Flynn (@Runesael) May 29, 2023

Sam: Sometimes you want to be the very best, but it helps when you put in the extra work. Take these Guardians for example; couldn’t jump, couldn’t fight, and after... nope, not going to spoil it. Go check it out.
Movie of the Week: Guardians try the Cloud Strider workout
Video Link

That's One Big Bonk

Image Link^imgur
Ivan: Looks like a solid battle just finished and this Titan came out as victorious. As with many great paintings, you first spot the brightest object — the Titan's hammer — and then find more and more details. Amazing #Destiny2AOTW. Well done!
Art of the Week: The last Sunbreaker

The last Sunbreaker#Destiny2 #Destiny2Art #Destiny2AOTW pic.twitter.com/YKzM3f6zBP
— Max Vick (@MaksymPotselui1) May 31, 2023

Timon: Look at this amazing fishing art! When I see this I just wanna drop everything and go out there grinding those Exotic fishies! Always remember: Less working, more fishing.
Art of the Week: Go fish

Made this birthday present for my sister @MajaroniArt who had her birthday yesterday 🥳🩷💜
Had a lot of fun making this 😁👍#Destiny2Art #Destiny2AOTW #Destiny2 #DestinyTheGame #Destiny2Fishing #DigitalArtist #DigitalArt pic.twitter.com/6ObwQLcXsq
— Pickles ✨Comms open!✨ (@xPickles77x) May 29, 2023

Bonus AOTW: MY BROTHER, DEAD!!??

BLASPHEMY. BLASPHEMY #Destiny2Art #Destiny2AOTW #Destiny #DestinyTheGame @Bungie @DestinyTheGame pic.twitter.com/vYKcSGfFLs
— AliveWake (@AliveWake) May 29, 2023

Another week that goes by, and it's almost summer around here. Or winter, for those of you in the southern hemisphere. We are deep into Season of the Deep and there's still much to uncover from under the methane seas.
Methane, what a thing, by the way. I checked the other day and liquid methane has a temperature range between 91 and 112 kelvins, which makes me think those new Guardian armor sets not only look amazing, but also have some pretty insane heating systems. And speaking of heat, how can Solar grenades scorch stuff under such extreme circumstances, or Stasis crystals even hold their structure under such pressure? Anyway, transmat firing!
‘Hasta Luego’
Br1

Currently having some confusion over the meaning of this defined term in a contract: "Earned Income” means your total wage and self-employment income. On an annual basis, this amount is currently the sum of Line 1 (“Wages, salaries, tips, etc.”) and Line 12 (“Business income or (loss).”) from Schedule 1, IRS Form 1040 of U.S. federal income tax returns (most recent revision). If applicable, “Earned Income” includes all income reported on a joint income tax return, minus, to the extent documented to our satisfaction, any income earned solely by your spouse. In our discretion, we may estimate your Earned Income using documentation other than your U.S. federal income tax return, provided the documentation is another verifiable source acceptable to us.
Reading through it, it appears to refer to the amount on Line 1 from a Schedule 1 1040 (assuming no business income from Line 12). According to the IRS instructions for 1040 I'm under the impression that Box 1 of a W2 is the amount that fills Line 1 and doing a search for what Box 1 is I've found several explanations like this.
All that being said, doesn't that mean "Earned Income" is Gross Income less elective (pre-tax) deferrals?

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https://preview.redd.it/0nhzohtskt4b1.jpg?width=2000&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=2bfd03a1d8046dacbb08396d992ccbfddce4295b

Hearts and minds, under attack? — The risks of e-cigarettes and advertisements.

By BlueEarlGrey 8th June, 2023
Over the past decade, a new smoking trend has undoubtedly taken the world by storm: electronic cigarettes, or ‘e-cigarettes’. These battery-powered devices have gained significant popularity, especially amongst young people, offering an alternative to traditional tobacco smoking. Unsurprisingly, e-cigarettes have sparked both enthusiasm and controversy, raising questions about their safety, efficacy, and their impact on public health. E-cigarettes in their process being battery-powered devices, heat up a liquid solution containing nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals, producing an aerosol (commonly referred to as vapor) for inhalation. Unlike conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes do not burn tobacco, which eliminates the combustion and smoke associated with traditional smoking. This has led to e-cigarettes in their origins to be promoted as a safer and healthier alternative for traditional tobacco cigarettes. Whilst this is true with many health services offering e-cigarettes as a means to wean off tobacco smoking, in recent years have we seen these once noble aims be brought into question of safety and impact to public health as the development of consumer behaviour and commercialisation of the products revealed uneasy truths.
The commercialisation of e-cigarettes can very much explain itself in the corporate environment they reside in. Did you know that vaping companies such as ‘Blu’ and ‘10 Motives’ are actually owned by Big Tobacco? Funnily enough this correlation does not end there and quite a few vaping brands are owned by the tobacco companies they’re trying to steer customers away from. The e-cigarette industry is undoubtedly owned very much by dominant tobacco companies. From 2012, the e-cigarette industry’s rapid rise subsequently saw landsweeping purchases of once perhaps noble origins, into the hands of big tobacco companies. Whether it is through subsidiaries or direct ownership and operations, the hand of the tobacco industry remains an inseparable fact in how Governments ought to address the market too.
Government Action on Advertisement
Which is why the spurring of the debate of e-cigarettes in Parliament is the Government’s proposed bill to ban the advertisement of the product with the ‘Advertisement of Vape Products (Regulation) Bill’ currently making its way through the House of Commons. The current second reading of the session has seen statements in favour of the proposal from members of the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats, and the Pirate Party, whilst Solidarity members have opposed the move by the Government, unsurprisingly.
One of the primary concerns associated with e-cigarette advertising is its impact on young people. Aggressive marketing campaigns, often featuring attractive models and enticing flavours such as ‘peach ice’, have drawn the attention of adolescents, young adults and even the elderly old Cornishmen. The result has been a disturbing increase in e-cigarette use among this demographic, with potential long-term consequences for their health and well-being. The nature that the Government has went about this is very paternalistic, echoing Disraelian one-nation Conservatism, for what it believes is in the public interest, and it would be right to do. It is undeniable that young people are often vulnerable and susceptible to influence from advertisement that embeds itself through the use of celebrities, public figures, influencers and social trends. The rationale behind the policy can be explained in which by banning the advertisement of e-cigarettes, the exposure of young people to these products can be limited and can curb their curiosity and experimentation. Restricting advertising would help counter the glamorisation of vaping (as a result of usage and promotion by the aforementioned celebrities, public figures, influencers and trends) and prevent e-cigarettes from becoming a gateway to nicotine addiction and traditional cigarette smoking.
Advertising targeting young people?

As of 2016, about 80% of U.S. middle- and high-school students reported to have came across advertisements for e-cigarettes, says a March 16, 2018, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly report, “Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Advertising Among Middle and High School Students—United States, 2014–2016.”
About 70% of these students saw e-cigarette advertising in retail stores, with roughly 40% that saw the ads on the internet or on TV, and about 25% saw e-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines.

It is clear that the focus of e-cigarettes and their advertising is linked to the popularisation and commercialisation of the products towards younger audiences, whether directly or even indirectly. The banning e-cigarette advertising as policy is argued to discourage non-smokers, including younger people, from starting e-cigarette use and protect them from potential risks. Informed decision-making regarding personal health choices requires access to unbiased information, and limiting advertising can prevent misleading commercialised claims that may downplay the risks associated with e-cigarettes.
Exiting regulations actions against e-cigarettes very much reflects that the opponents will tend to be those in the pockets of the tobacco industry. Which certainly places into question the intentions and goals of opposing members of Parliament to the Government’s plans. Case in point being the European Union has remained a strong bulwark against the advertisement of e-cigarettes with its update to the Tobacco Products Directive, which brought e-cigarettes under the strict regulatory umbrella in 2016. Whilst it was challenged, however, by several important players in the tobacco industry -- the revised directive bans menthol flavorings (that typically aim to appeal to young people’s and imposes other restrictions some were not happy with, as well as the parent company of major UK e-cig retailer ‘Totally Wicked’. In any case, as far as the EU is concerned, if you want to sell a product containing an addictive substance, then prepare to be regulated, which is very much the tone the United Kingdom should take.
The Case for Regulation
In such a short time period, the e-cigarette market has experienced rapid growth, with numerous brands and products available. However, regulations and quality control measures have struggled to keep pace with this expansion. This lack of regulatory oversight can lead to inconsistencies in product safety and quality, increasing the risk of harmful substances or faulty devices reaching consumers. With how varied sources of production and their range of availability are, the lack of oversight and regulation has allowed the ease of access to these products at cheap prices and poor quality, inducing greater risk to public safety and consumer health.
Government action against e-cigarettes are very much reinforced with the economic concept of e-cigarettes being a ‘demerit good’. Demerit goods being where their consumption is regarded as unhealthy, degrading or otherwise socially undesirable as a result of the perceived negative effects on the consumers themselves, where there would be overconsumption of left to natural market forces.
Whilst e-cigarettes are often marketed as a less harmful alternative to traditional smoking, there is undeniably growing concern about their long-term health effects. While they may pose fewer risks compared to combustible tobacco products, e-cigarettes still contain nicotine, an addictive substance. Nicotine addiction can lead to various health issues, including increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and potential harm to the developing brains of young individuals. The inclusion of nicotine within the product is what places it entirely comparable to tobacco in how the Government ought to regulate the industry. As the elasticity of demand is very much negative (price inelastic) especially due to the nicotine additive, for the Government to not regulate this market would be allowing the greater exploitation of impressionable individuals and increased consumption of a demerit good.
Risks of e-cigarettes
The consumption of e-cigarettes, being a demerit good, have been argued to create further external costs that are not borne directly by the individual user. These costs may include increased burdens on healthcare systems due to nicotine addiction-related health issues or the potential for future generations to bear the consequences of increased tobacco use resulting from e-cigarette initiation. In assessing the necessity of regulation, the policy from the Government very much has taken into account the social costs and public health risks already present.
Comparatively, as recognised, they are advertised as the ‘healthier’ alternative to tobacco, but many are quick to cite the relative infancy of e-cigarettes for supposedly invalid and misleading studies and assumptions. That is very much not the case, proponents of vape culture do tend to obscure if not dismiss the science and facts on the matter, but ought to be informed of the very present dangers it already has and is having on societies.
The Inhalation of Harmful Chemicals Can Cause Irreversible Lung Damage and Lung Disease

(Findings by the American Lung Association)
In January 2018, the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine1 released a consensus study report that reviewed over 800 different studies.
That report made clear: using e-cigarettes causes health risks. It concluded that e-cigarettes both contain and emit a number of potentially toxic substances. The Academies' report also states there is moderate evidence that youth who use e-cigarettes are at increased risk for cough and wheezing and an increase in asthma exacerbations.
Studies from the University of North Carolina found that the two primary ingredients contained within e-cigarettes — propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin — are toxic to cells and that the more ingredients in an e-liquid, the greater the toxicity.
E-cigarettes in their current form produce a number of dangerous chemicals including acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde. These aldehydes can cause lung disease, as well as cardiovascular (heart) disease. They were further found to also contain acrolein, a herbicide primarily used to kill weeds. Which can cause acute lung injury and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may cause asthma and lung cancer.
Both the U.S. Surgeon General and the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine have warned about the risks of inhaling secondhand e-cigarette emissions, which are created when an e-cigarette user exhales the chemical cocktail created by e-cigarettes.
2016, the Surgeon General concluded that secondhand emissions contain, "nicotine; ultrafine particles; flavorings such as diacetyl, a chemical linked to serious lung disease; volatile organic compounds such as benzene, which is found in car exhaust; and heavy metals, such as nickel, tin, and lead."
Even the US Food and Drug Administration has not found any e-cigarette to be “safe” and effective in helping smokers quit.

Cases of lung injury associated with e-cigarette consumption

(Data obtained by February 2020)
A total of 2,807 lung related cases of hospitalisation across all 50 states resulting from the use of e-cigarettes/vaping products.
A total of 68 deaths confirmed in 29 US States.
Laboratory data showed that vitamin E acetate, an additive within e-cigarettes/vape products, were strongly linked to the cases of lung injury with many tests finding the chemical present in fluids extracted.
The CDC itself recommends that youths, young adults, and pregnant women should not use E-cigarettes or vapes containing nicotine and acetate.

The risks of e-cigarettes are very present, numerous studies will affirm the Government’s position, and very much growing public awareness, on why regulatory action needs to be taken.
So why not just ban e-cigarettes entirely?
The main reason as to why the Government has seemingly taken to restrict but not outlaw the e-cigarette industry, is because there is a useful lesson to follow in that of tobacco. The laws of supply and demand, in which a banning of the industry altogether would only see the creation of a black market. The demand for the product, especially being inelastic, would persist this, added with the containing of the addictive, nicotine, consumer demand.
Banning the advertisement of e-cigarettes would align with existing laws aimed at curbing tobacco advertising. The Policy places e-cigarettes on parity to that of tobacco in regards to regulated ban on advertising in the Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act, 2002, and the Health Act, 2009. The very laws against the tobacco industry were put in place to protect public health, particularly the health of young people, by reducing the promotion of addictive and harmful substances. That is why Bright Blue very much recommends that e-cigarettes should be subject to similar scrutiny, considering the potential risks they pose, especially for non-smokers.
Concluding Recommendations
Moving forward, it is further recommended the Government ought to to equally adapt the arguments made on the opposing side about the benefits in e-cigarettes being used as potential harm reduction tools for current smokers. The proposed policy banning commercial advertisement is most apt with this, as by strengthening the current laws to fully support the use of e-cigarettes It is also advocated that the policy of an advertisement ban would encourage responsible use and regulation of the products. Rather than relying on persuasive marketing tactics, individuals ought to be informed about the potential risks and benefits of e-cigarettes through reliable sources such as public health campaigns and educational initiatives, and not commercialised advertising. This approach is argued to foster responsible decision-making and empowers consumers to make informed choices regarding their health.
Similar to the European Union’s actions against e-cigarettes and many other nations, Bright Blue very much endorses the idea of Government imposing a ban on certain flavours being produced in e-cigarettes. If their origins and potential for social benefit truly is in to weed off tobacco smokers, then the necessity of an ever expanding list of sickenly sweet and commercialising flavorings are simply superficial. Last term, Parliament saw the introduction an attempt for Plain Packaging Laws within the UK on e-cigarettes. Whilst this bill was withdrawn, it is very much a policy in support of, and believed to mitigate the harmful effects and risk of the products.
Already the move to ban advertisements for e-cigarettes has been expressed not just by countries and medical professionals, but even corporations themselves. The corporations that own CNN, CBS, TNT, TBS and other major broadcasting brands have announced that they will not air advertisements amid growing public concerns and the studies shown on the risks of e-cigarettes and how advertisements can promote them. The decision by the Government to make a move that is recommended by professionals, acted on by corporations and even shown to have high public support is a decision that has been made in the interest of public health and market parity.

We previously stickied a post stating UFOs would be participating in the upcoming subreddit blackout. We should have instead polled the subreddit directly first. This way, everyone can easily and definitively see what the community prefers and we can proceed accordingly.
On April 18, 2023, Reddit announced it would begin charging for access to its API. Reddit faces real challenges from free access to its API. Reddit data has been used to train large language models underpinning AI technologies, such as ChatGPT, which makes it harder for us to moderate and is likely to erode the trust users have in the information read here and elsewhere on Reddit.
Moderators of UFOs use the API in a number of ways, both directly through our own custom tools, third-party bots we employ, and third-party apps we rely on to effectively moderate when on mobile.
Admins have promised minimal disruption based on this change. However, over the years they’ve made a number of promises to support moderators which they did not, or could not follow up on, and at times even reneged on:

• In 2015, in response to widespread protests on the sub, the admins acknowledged a history of mistakes and promised they would build tools to improve communication with mods.
• In 2019 the admins promised chat would always be an opt-in feature. However, a year later an unmoderated chat feature was made a default feature on most subs and subsequently rolled it back after a backlash.
• In 2020, in response to moderators protesting racism on Reddit, admins promised to support mods in combating hate.
• In 2021, again in response to protests, admins promised a feature to report malicious interference by subreddits promoting Covid denial.

Reddit admins have certainly made progress, but while the company has updated its policies, they have not sufficiently invested in moderation support. Reddit has had years to build a stronger infrastructure to support moderators, but has not.
API access isn’t just about making life easier for moderators. It helps us keep communities safe by providing important context about users, such as whether or not they have a history of posting rule-violating content or engaging in harmful behavior. The ability to search for removed and deleted data allows moderators to more quickly respond to spam, bigotry, and harassment. If we want to moderate on mobile, third party apps offer the most robust mod tools. Further, third party apps are particularly important for moderators and users who rely on screen readers, as the official Reddit app is inaccessible to the visually impaired. Mods need API access because Reddit doesn’t support their needs.
We are highly concerned about the downstream impacts of Reddit’s decision to charge for API access and the extreme price structuring which will prevent the most popular third-party apps from working altogether. Reddit is built on volunteer moderation which costs other companies millions of dollars per year. While some tools we rely on may not be technically impacted, and some may return after successful negotiations, the ecosystem of API supported tools is vast and varied, and the tools themselves require volunteer labor to maintain. Changes like these, particularly the poor communication surrounding them, and cobbled responses, year after year, risk making UFOs a worse place for moderators and for users—there will likely be more spam and less moderator bandwidth to address all forms of issues, much less run community events or try to improve the subreddit in general. Without the moderators who develop, nurture, and protect Reddit’s diverse communities, Reddit risks losing what makes it great. We’re grateful for the community here and the opportunity to discuss ufology with each of you. If Reddit’s admins cannot reach a reasonable compromise regarding their API fees, we think we should protest in response to these uncertainties.
We’re aware of how significant a week this has been for ufology. We do not take the notion of going dark lightly, but we are also aware of the long term effects of this situation if we choose not to take action as well. In the event we do choose to participate in the blackout, we will continue to convene and discuss recent events in the UFOs Discord.
Should UFOs participate in this upcoming protest along with other subreddits? The subreddit would not be viewable for 48-hours during the blackout, starting on Monday, June 12th. Let us know your thoughts in the poll and/or comments below.
View Poll

Hi all, We are preparing for our N-400 interview and preparing documents for that. We applied based on 5 years LPR. I only found four years of tax return transcripts online and i have the 1040 form for the 5 years ago . Do i need the transcript for the fifth year as well ? Where could i get that ?
Our marriage certificate is not in english. We have one certified translation of that and both me and my husbands interview are on the same day ,so only one of us can have the original document. Could the other one have the copy of certified translation ?

It would be an understatement to say that our world has seen better days given the blazing wildfires in California, a string of tropical storms, and some of the highest recorded temperatures in history this summer. The good news is that there are practical ways that we can contribute to its preservation, and sustainable shopping is one of them.
A nice pair of sunglasses in Sri Lanka can make all the difference in the world! You can buy a pair of sunglasses online in Sri Lanka this summer that will shield your eyes from the sun, showcase your sense of style, and benefit Mother Earth. Uncertain about where to start? Then, have a look at this list of the top eco-friendly sunglasses companies that sell shades and contact lenses online.
See2see.
17.6 billion tonnes of plastic are thrown into the ocean every year. By 2050, all of the fish in the ocean will be outweighed by ocean plastic, according to Conservation International. Alarming figures like these served as the impetus for Sea2see, an Italian startup that creates "a statement of change" rather than just spectacles.
Sea2See collects waste materials like ropes and fishnets and uses them to make sustainable optical frames and sunglasses. They do this by working closely with fishermen's communities in 27 different regions of Spain and 10 coastal regions of Ghana. The company uses an upcycling approach to convert waste plastic into reusable raw materials, making waste a crucial component of its supply chain. When you wear a pair of their sunglasses, you are also doing your part to maintain the health of the oceans and the creatures who inhabit them.
Genusee.
Genusee, a company with its headquarters in Flint, Michigan, makes glasses out of recycled plastic water bottles from the ongoing water crisis. This programme not only saves waste but also helps the neighbourhood's economy by giving displaced workers jobs. Sunglasses from Genusee are completely UVA/UVB protected and oh-so-chic!
Dresden.
Dresden's sleek, plastic eyeglasses are heavily influenced by German design while having an Australian heritage. According to their website, "The paradox of German design is also the essence of Dresden's approach." "Both natural and technical, both enjoyable and useful.
"Dresden's most exciting point of difference is in the 'one shape fits all' modular design," claims Bonnie Hudson, head of communications. "The one timeless frame form is available in four different sizes and many colour combinations to complement virtually any face. To suit their mood or the situation, the wearer can switch out the interchangeable arms, front, and lenses.
Sunski.
Everyone may find a pair of sunglasses from Sunski, from fashionistas to outdoor enthusiasts! The varieties include aviator, clubmaster, round, and wayfarer. These comfortable sunglasses with recycled materials will keep your eyes protected.
MITA.
Miami-based company MITA creates eyewear that is inspired by the city's brilliant and colourful features, such as the murals on Wynwood Walls and the nearby street art. MITA, an organisation committed to "redefining the relationship between fashion and sustainability," upcycles five water bottles to make one pair of chic eco-glasses. With the aim of addressing the low recycling rates in both the US and Europe, they have recycled 81,000 water bottles as of this writing. Their entire line of eyeglasses is created from recycled materials, even the cases and cleaning rags.
Pala.
Pala is an eyewear brand that supports the community. For every pair purchased, eye treatment is provided to a person in need in Africa, which is home to 73% of the world's visually impaired people. This care is offered in the form of funding given to vision clinics, pharmacies, and screening programmes in collaboration with the worldwide non profit organisation Vision Aid Oversea. Every pair of sunglasses is cruelty-free and vegan. According to the Pala website, starting this year, all new models will be created with Italian bio-acetate, making the eyewear completely plant-based and 100% biodegradable.
The firm adds that as they continue on their path towards sustainable fashion, they will make all of their upcoming designs as eco-friendly as they can, including "both recycled acetate and bio-based designs housed in eco-friendly recyclable packaging and with carbon offset shipping."
Ballo.
Ballo started creating unisex sunglasses by hand in 2013 using recycled and reused materials, and since then, they have been in the sustainability industry. Every time a pair of sunglasses is sold, a tree is planted in Cape Town, South Africa, where all items are created and made. Ballo creates fashionable sunglasses from materials like cork and hemp, in addition to UV420 blue light-blocking lenses, which reduce eye strain from prolonged screen use.
Proof.
For Proof, which was established in 2020 by three brothers from Idaho (who acquired "sawdust in their veins" from working in the family sawmill), their goal of leaving the world in a better state than they found it entails handcrafting eyewear using eco-friendly materials like wood, recycled aluminium, recycled skateboard decks, and cotton-based acetate. In addition to eyewear, Proof also offers a variety of other items manufactured from these natural resources, including wallets, water bottles, reusable straws, and other accessories. The business, which started off with "one laptop and a rack of sunglasses" in a garage, has since expanded to build its own flagship location in Boise.
Waterhaul.
Another eyewear company attempting to clean up dangerous plastic trash from the ocean is Waterhaul. Using mechanical recycling and a "specialised injection moulding process," high-performing eyewear built entirely from recycled fishing nets is the end product. Fishing nets are made of sturdy materials, which is how they can withstand years of exposure to the ocean, but this also means that Waterhaul frames will have an equivalently long lifespan. The company, which has its headquarters in Newquay, Cornwall, claims to be working with Iberian fishermen to offer incentive programmes so they won't need to rely on landfills to get rid of their nets (and pay expensive disposal fees).
These ethical brands all care about their consumers' and the environment's wellbeing. Finding ways to sustain our world is essential given the growing human population. The decisions we make every day are where this shift begins for us.

Mystic River's sins were washed clean.
MOVIE OF THE YEAR 2003 NOMINEES

• City of God
• Finding Nemo
• Kill Bill: Vol. 1
• The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
• Lost in Translation

VOTE HERE
Reminder that you must have seen ALL films remaining in order to vote.
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Rank	Title	Votes Against	Runner-Up
10th	School of Rock	28/115 (24.3%)	23/115 (20%)
9th	Big Fish	33/106 (31.1%)	21/106 (19.8%)
8th	Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World	34/114 (29.8%)	25/114 (21.9%)
7th	Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl	38/128 (29.7%)	33/128 (25.8%)
6th	Mystic River	47/132 (35.6%)	25/132 (18.9%)

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Nominations Results
Round of 32 Results
Round of 16 Results
Lifesaver Results
Pregame Polls
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PREVIOUS MOVIE OF THE YEAR WINNERS (click to view full event)
2004: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (d. Michel Gondry)
2005: Brokeback Mountain (d. Ang Lee)
2006: Children of Men (d. Alfonso Cuarón)
2007: There Will Be Blood (d. Paul Thomas Anderson)
2008: WALL-E (d. Andrew Stanton)
2009: Inglourious Basterds (d. Quentin Tarantino)
2010: The Social Network (d. David Fincher)
2011: A Separation (d. Asghar Farhadi)
2012: Moonrise Kingdom (d. Wes Anderson)
2013: Her (d. Spike Jonze)
2014: Whiplash (d. Damien Chazelle)
2015: Mad Max: Fury Road (d. George Miller)
2016: Arrival (d. Denis Villeneuve)
2017: Get Out (d. Jordan Peele)
2018: Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (d. Peter Ramsey, Bob Persichetti & Rodney Rothman)
2019: Parasite (d. Bong Joon-Ho)
2020: The Father (d. Florian Zeller)
2021: The Worst Person in the World (d. Joachim Trier)
2022: The Banshees of Inisherin (d. Martin McDonagh)
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PREVIOUS MOVIE OF THE DECADE WINNERS (click to view full event)
Oscar Ineligible of the 2010s: It's Such a Beautiful Day (d. Don Hertzfeldt)
2010s: Parasite (d. Bong Joon-Ho)
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Letterboxd List of All Past Nominees
Letterboxd Master List of All Past Top 32s

Sirenhead is a cryptid that resembles a massive mummy with a pair of sirens on its head, allowing it to mimic a variety of sounds to lure its prey. It is one of Trevor's most famous and recognizable monsters, especially since it is gaining popularity again in early 2020. The Long Horse, a cryptid resembling a horse skull with an infinite neck, is among the most famous monsters. Friendly and friendly, it often warns people of terrible events that are about to happen. The cartoon cat is a cryptid resembling an anthropomorphic cartoon cat. It is one of Trevor's most dangerous and evil characters because of its unnatural appearance and abilities. Bridge worms are cryptids resembling giant worms with human arms, usually hiding in tunnels. They have skin flaps that resemble the facades of human faces, which they use to hide their real grotesque faces. Big Charlie is a cryptid, resembling a cow with bird-like features, and apparently the creator of little nuggets. He is always said to be running away from something. The little nuggets are cryptids with small fleshy bodies and bulging eyes. They are formed from pieces of Big Charlie's meat and gradually grow up to become either nuggets of emptiness or (at worst) lambs. A lamb is a cryptid that resembles a fleshy lamb, and it is one of the adult stages of the little nugget. It has powerful psychic abilities and is semi-body-like in nature. The cost of bones is cryptid, resembling a legless human skeleton. He has a habit of staying in someone's house indefinitely, though he is otherwise benevolent. The chicken god is a horrible cryptid resembling a humanoid chicken without feathers. In keeping with his namesake, he protects poultry from human abuse. The Man with the Upside Down - As the name implies, he is a man with his face upside down. He appears in photos of horrific incidents. He is perhaps the most evil of Trevor's monsters. Giants are massive creatures with different appearances, apparently existing to do harm and kidnap people for unknown reasons. Unlike the other monsters, they exist in a completely different reality. The Smile Room is a cryptid resembling a giant mouth without lips, which appears in buildings as a doorway in hopes of catching careless prey. Good Boy is a mysterious cryptid resembling a mad dog. Little is known about him, other than the fact that he is dangerous to an unknown degree. Angel is a mysterious cryptid resembling a human skeleton with reticulated spurs. Presumably somewhat benevolent. Stink King - A cryptid skeleton that infiltrates the technological order, working, presumably, to spread its influence over humans.

So question- I currently have a favorable T5 investigation that was completed late fall 2020 and was issued a secret security clearance. I currently accepted a position that requires a TS/SCI, do you know if there will be a reciprocity? The agency I accepted the position for did not have me fill out an EQIP or SF86 form. I was told I’m pending security and God knows how long that will take. Anyone have any experience with this feel free to chime in! Thanks
-Driven